The act of banning books, fueled by political, religious, moral, and social motivations, has a rich and multifaceted past. Within the United States, this practice originated in the colonial era and has continuously transformed, focusing on different categories of books and reflecting the nation's evolving social and political dynamics. Children's books have continued to be a target of bans by select groups that cite moral, religious, and social concerns about content and concepts introduced to young ones. Here is a list of the most banned picture books for kids along with the reasons why they have been deemed inappropriate for the bookshelves at libraries and in classrooms.
Why Children's Books Are Banned
Book challenges arise for diverse reasons related to content and its perceived effect on young readers. For example, books depicting sexual acts or themes are often challenged based on age appropriateness. Similarly, the presence of profanity, racial slurs, or other offensive language frequently leads to challenges. Graphic violence in books is another common concern raised due to potential impacts on children's emotional well-being. Additionally, books featuring LGBTQ+ characters or themes related to sexual orientation and gender identity are increasingly challenged, often due to age appropriateness concerns or conflicts with personal or religious beliefs. Books addressing racism or containing racial slurs, even in historical contexts, can also face challenges related to concerns about division or exposure to offensive language. It's important to understand that a challenge is not a ban. Review committees often evaluate challenged books based on educational value, literary merit, and context. Many challenged books continue to be available in libraries and schools.
List of Banned Children's Books
Historically, chapter books for children were challenged for themes related to sexual or violent content. While a few picture books for younger readers also faced challenges in the past, an uptick in published titles related to gender and sexuality have caught the attention of groups who oppose these themes. While a definitive count of banned children's books remains elusive because book challenges and bans are often localized and fluctuate, understanding the trends and looking at examples is possible. It's crucial to differentiate between a "challenge," a request for removal or restriction, and an actual "ban," where a book is removed from libraries or curricula. Notably, the number of book challenges and bans has risen considerably in recent years, particularly after 2021. Here is a list of some of the most commonly banned and challenged children's books.
(1) And Tango Makes Three
Synopsis:
In the penguin enclosure at the Central Park Zoo lived Roy and Silo, a pair unlike the others. Despite their differences, they shared a deep yearning for a family. Thanks to a thoughtful zookeeper, their dream came true when they welcomed a baby penguin into their lives.
Reasons Cited for Ban:
Concerns have been raised that the book may promote or normalize same-sex relationships, which some objectors believe are not suitable for children. They argue that the topic is more appropriately introduced later in life or in a different setting. Some critics also express concerns about the book's portrayal of a non-traditional family structure, suggesting it may conflict with their values or cause confusion for young readers.
(2) The Baby Tree
Synopsis:
Award-winning Sophie Blackall artfully tackles the question of where babies come from in this beautiful picture book. With playful details that engage young readers, she cleverly presents the basics of reproduction in an age-appropriate manner. Every child wonders, "Where do babies come from?" This entertaining book makes finding the answer both easy and fun, as a curious boy seeks explanations from various people before his parents lovingly share the truth.
Reasons Cited for Ban:
Concerns have been raised by some parents and school districts regarding the accuracy and level of detail in the book's explanation of reproduction, fearing it could lead to misinformation. Additionally, despite the book's aim for age-appropriateness, some objectors believe the topic remains too complex or sensitive for young children. The narrative, which involves a boy receiving fanciful answers before a simplified explanation of a "seed" and "egg" leading to birth in a hospital, is viewed by some as insufficient or potentially confusing without more context.
(3) I Am Jazz
Synopsis:
From the time she was two, Jazz knew she was a girl inside. She loved pink, dressing as a mermaid, and didn't feel right in boys' clothes. Initially confusing to her family, a doctor clarified that Jazz was transgender, something she was born with. Jazz's real-life experience is shared in this simple and clear story, perfect for picture book readers, parents, and teachers.
Reasons Cited for Ban:
The book chronicles the real-life experience of Jazz Jennings, a transgender girl who understood her gender identity as female from childhood. However, the book's subject matter has sparked debate. Some parents and groups argue that it is inappropriate for young readers, citing the early introduction of complex gender identity issues. This has led some to classify the book as sex education, raising concerns about parental rights regarding curriculum and notification. Furthermore, individuals and groups whose religious or social views do not align with transgender identity find the book's content objectionable.
(4) The Story of Ferdinand
Synopsis:
A true classic that was first published in 1936, continues to enchant readers with its enduring message. In a world of energetic, head-butting bulls, Ferdinand stood apart, finding contentment in the scent of flowers. The story takes a surprising turn when this pacifist is selected for the bullfights in Madrid.
Reasons Cited for Ban:
The banning and significant controversy surrounding the book stemmed mainly from its interpreted political and social messages, especially its themes of pacifism and non-conformity. This was largely because the book's publication coincided with the lead-up to the Spanish Civil War and the rise of fascism in Europe. Consequently, many readers saw Ferdinand, the bull who favored smelling flowers over fighting, as a symbol of pacifism and a rejection of violence.
(5) Heather Has Two Mommies
Synopsis:
The number two holds a special place for Heather. It's the number of her arms, her legs, her pets, and even her mommies. Starting school brings a new experience when a classmate inquires about her daddy, a figure absent from Heather's life. What unfolds next is heartwarming: as Heather and her classmates depict their families through drawings, a beautiful truth emerges – no two families are exactly alike.
Reasons Cited for Ban:
The core of the controversy surrounding the book lies in the opposition of individuals and groups who do not recognize or support same-sex relationships and parenting. This stance often results in the perception of the book as an endorsement of a lifestyle they find objectionable. Furthermore, concerns have been raised regarding the suitability of the topic for young children, with some critics alleging the book's inclusion in a broader agenda.
(6) The Librarian of Basra
Synopsis:
Alia Muhammad Baker was Basra's dedicated librarian in the spring of 2003, a guardian of beloved books and her library a vital community space. As war loomed over Basra, Iraq, the question became: how could one woman protect her treasured collection? Jeanette Winter's lyrical and concise writing, paired with beautiful acrylic art, reveals her deep understanding of young readers. This true tale of a librarian's extraordinary courage highlights the universal power of literature and the boundless respect for knowledge.
Reasons Cited for Ban:
Concerns raised by some parents and groups center on the book's setting in Iraq and its mentions of the Quran and praying to Muhammad, leading them to argue it inappropriately promotes Islam. They believe this violates the separation of church and state in public schools, particularly given restrictions on promoting Christianity. Additionally, some critics found the illustrations and the depiction of war and bombings in Iraq too violent and upsetting for young children, exposing them to mature and frightening themes.
(6) It's a Book
Synopsis:
Lane Smith's signature subversive wit shines through in this very funny picture book about a tech-savvy donkey, a book-loving ape, and a mouse. This perfectly executed and satisfying story bridges the gap between digital natives and book lovers, offering a delightful message about the importance and joy of reading for children and adults.
Reasons Cited for Ban:
The primary controversy stemmed from the word "jackass," considered unsuitable and offensive by some parents and school officials for children. The term was used by a mouse to describe a technology-obsessed donkey who disliked a book. Opinions differed on its intent, with some perceiving it as sarcastic and insulting, while others saw it simply as the animal's name, devoid of profanity.
(7) In Our Mother's House
Synopsis:
To the outside world, Marmee, Meema, and their kids might seem like any other family on the street. Inside their warm home, laughter echoes as they cook, dance, and play together. Yet, one neighbor struggles to accept them, fixated on their two-mom household. But Marmee and Meema's home overflows with love, and they teach their children a powerful truth: different isn't wrong. They are, in every meaningful way, a family.
Reasons Cited for Ban:
A central concern among those who challenged the book was the perception that it presented same-sex relationships and parenting as normal, a viewpoint some parents did not share and deemed inappropriate for young audiences. Additionally, the book was sometimes categorized as "advocacy of homosexuality," which triggered restrictions under specific state or district regulations, such as a Utah law that prohibited the promotion of homosexuality in school resources. The age-appropriateness of discussing same-sex parents in a children's picture book was another point of contention.
(8) In the Night Kitchen
Synopsis:
Journey into a whimsical world where young Mickey tumbles into the bakers' fantastical realm as they whip up our morning cake. Their cheerful chant fills the air: "Milk in the batter! Milk in the batter! We bake cake and nothing’s the matter!" But when the bakers need more milk and Mickey unexpectedly lands in their batter, their solution takes a bizarre turn – they plan to bake him! Mickey, however, has other ideas. In a daring escape aboard a bread-dough airplane, he embarks on a quest to find the missing milk, ultimately saving the bakers' cake.
Reasons Cited for Ban:
Concerns regarding the book often centered on the depiction of the child character's nudity, including his genitals, which many parents and educators deemed inappropriate and potentially harmful for young readers. This led some librarians to alter library copies by adding clothing. Additionally, some critics interpreted the nudity, combined with milk imagery, as containing sexual undertones unsuitable for children, while others worried about the potential for desensitization or unhealthy curiosity.
(9) Donovan's Big Day
Synopsis:
Donovan is thrilled for his two moms' wedding and his important role as ringbearer. This picture book beautifully captures the love, family, and joy of marriage through a child's eyes, resonating with any child who has same-sex parents or knows a same-sex couple. The story brims with the excitement of the wedding day, vividly portrayed in the illustrations from Donovan's perspective.
Reasons Cited for Ban:
Objections to the book, which features a family with two mothers getting married, often arise from religious or moral viewpoints that oppose the positive or normalized portrayal of same-sex relationships. Furthermore, some argue that the subject matter of same-sex marriage is beyond the comprehension or appropriate for the age group typically reading picture books.
(10) The Three Little Pigs
Synopsis:
James Marshall, a Caldecott Honor winner, offers a wonderfully fresh take on "The Three Little Pigs" in this retold and illustrated edition. While children will recognize and love the familiar trio of pig brothers and their persistent wolfish antagonist, they'll be delighted by the witty, new dialogue and the vibrant, cartoon-like illustrations that inject a modern and humorous sensibility into this timeless story.
Reasons Cited for Ban:
For some parents and educators, the fundamental storyline of "The Three Little Pigs," with its predatory wolf seeking to harm and eat the pigs, presents a level of threat they deem unsuitable for young children, regardless of the cartoonish illustrations. The wolf's attempts to destroy the pigs' homes and his ultimate fate, frequently involving violent consequences, are elements that raise concerns about potential fear or negative impact on young audiences.
(11) Baseball Saved Us
Synopsis:
Following the attack on Pearl Harbor, Shorty and his family, along with thousands of other Japanese Americans, were forcibly relocated to a desert internment camp. Amidst the harsh conditions of heat, dust, and cold, the camp residents yearned for something to uplift their spirits. They found it in baseball, building a playing field and forming a league within the barbed wire and guarded perimeter. For Shorty, playing became more than a game; it was a fight for dignity and self-respect within their unjust confinement.
Reasons Cited for Ban:
Objections to the book often cite its inclusion of the racial slur "Jap," used to depict the prejudice faced by the narrator, Shorty, and other Japanese Americans during their wartime internment. Despite the historical context, some parents and educators worry about exposing young children to this offensive language. Additionally, concerns have been raised that the themes of racism, injustice, and internment might be too emotionally challenging for the book's intended elementary school audience.
(12) Nasreen's Secret School: A True Story from Afghanistan
Synopsis:
Silent since her parents vanished, young Nasreen's world is one of unspoken sorrow. Her grandmother, in a courageous act, secures her a place in a secret girls' school. There, amidst the care of a compassionate teacher, the possibility of friendship, and the solace of stories, lies the question: can Nasreen find her voice again? Based on a true Afghan experience, this poignant book underscores the profound impact of learning and the comfort of love.
Reasons Cited for Ban:
Concerns leading to challenges include the perception by some parents and groups that its inclusion of an Islamic prayer and references to the Quran promote Islam to young readers. Additionally, some critics find the book's depiction of violence and traumatic events, such as the abduction of Nasreen's father and her mother's disappearance, inappropriate for young children. Others believe the themes of war, Taliban oppression, and family loss are too mature for elementary-aged students.
(13) Julián Is a Mermaid
Synopsis:
On a subway ride home from the pool with his abuela, Julián is captivated by three dazzlingly dressed women with vibrant hair, fishtail gowns, and infectious joy. Back home, enchanted by their magic, Julián dreams of emulating them, fashioning a fabulous mermaid costume from a yellow curtain and fern fronds. He wonders how Abuela will react to his creative mess and, more importantly, to his self-expression. Jessica Love's debut as an author-illustrator is a heartwarming and visually stunning celebration of self-love and individuality.
Reasons Cited for Ban:
Because the story features Julián, a boy who is inspired by and wants to dress like women dressed as mermaids, it challenges traditional ideas about gender. This has led some parents and groups to believe the book is inappropriate for children. Some objectors also argue that the book promotes a specific LGBTQ+ perspective by introducing young children to complex ideas about gender identity. Moreover, the book has been included in wider efforts by some individuals and groups to remove materials discussing LGBTQ+ topics from schools and libraries.
(14) Strega Nona
Synopsis:
Strega Nona, the beloved "Grandma Witch" of her Calabrian town, is known for her remedies, spells, and comforting presence. Her magical, never-ending pasta pot particularly captivates her hungry assistant, Big Anthony. While responsible for her home and garden during Strega Nona's trip to see Strega Amelia, Big Anthony's curiosity gets the better of him. He attempts the pasta pot's magic words, resulting in wonderfully messy consequences.
Reasons Cited for Ban:
The challenges faced by "Strega Nona" by some parents and religious groups are often rooted in its depiction of the protagonist as a witch who uses magic for positive purposes and is a respected member of her community. These groups express concerns that this positive portrayal could be harmful or inappropriately expose children to occult themes. Additionally, for some individuals with specific religious beliefs, any representation of magic or witchcraft, even in a harmless context, is seen as conflicting with their faith and potentially encouraging interest in practices they consider negative.
(15) Where the Wild Things Are
Synopsis:
This timeless tale, which has sparked a film, an opera, and countless imaginations, follows Max's adventure. After a wolf-suited rampage at home earns him a bedtime, Max journeys by sea to an island of Wild Things. They crown him their king, and a wild rumpus ensues. However, the scent of something delicious from afar eventually calls Max back.
Reasons Cited for Ban:
Immediately following its 1963 release, "Where the Wild Things Are" drew criticism from many adults who considered it too dark and its Wild Things' sharp-toothed, wild-eyed imagery too frightening for young children. Specific concerns also arose regarding Max being sent to bed without supper, which some interpreted as a problematic punishment and a form of child abuse. Moreover, the fantastical journey to the land of the Wild Things and the presence of magical elements led some groups to accuse the book of promoting witchcraft and the supernatural, which they found objectionable.
(16) The Family Book
Synopsis:
For years, beloved author Todd Parr has delighted young readers and caregivers with his bright illustrations, fun humor, and stories that include everyone. His books share a vital message of love and acceptance that truly inspires, empowers, and feels reachable for all kids. In The Family Book, Parr celebrates families in all their wonderful forms. From big to small, alike to different, single-parent to two-parent, he makes it clear that every single family is special and unique.
Reasons Cited for Ban:
The simple statement in the book, "Some families have two moms or two dads," has become the primary point of contention for some parents and groups. Mirroring concerns raised about other LGBTQ+-themed books, these objectors believe that portraying same-sex families as normal promotes a specific "lifestyle" or "agenda" to young children, arguing it introduces complex issues of sexual orientation prematurely. Additionally, some parents feel that discussions about diverse family structures, including those with same-sex parents, are not appropriate for elementary-aged children.
(17) Draw Me a Star
Synopsis:
It started with a request: "Draw me a star." The artist complied, creating a wonderful star. Then, the star asked for a sun, and the artist drew that too. With each stroke, the artist brought more of the world to life, one beautiful image at a time, until a magical star lifted him into the night sky, where his creations twinkled below. Eric Carle's Draw Me a Star is a beguiling tale that celebrates the magic of imagination, following a young artist who paints a world filled with light and endless possibilities.
Reasons Cited for Ban:
The book includes a page where the artist draws a tree, the sun, and then a naked man and woman, an image often seen as a representation of Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden. This particular illustration has drawn criticism for several reasons. Some parents have labeled it "soft pornography" and worry about its potential influence on children's drawings. Others find any depiction of nudity, even in Eric Carle's understated style, inappropriate for young audiences. Finally, the illustration's resemblance to the biblical creation story has led to objections from some based on their religious convictions.
(18) Our Subway Baby
Synopsis:
The creation of a family can be a traditional birth or a loving adoption. This is the remarkable true story of Kevin, whose beginnings were as unique as the bustling New York City subway where his family found him.Addressed with love to his son, Pete's writing shares the poignant moment his partner, Danny, found a baby tucked away in a subway station on his way home. What followed was the beautiful journey of adoption, as Pete and Danny became Kevin's parents. Their experience underscores a powerful message: "Where there is love, anything is possible."
Reasons Cited for Ban:
The reasons for bans associated with "Our Subway Baby" are consistent with broader trends in the censorship of children's books addressing LGBTQ+ themes. Some parents and groups express objections to the depiction of same-sex families, based on the belief that it promotes a specific "lifestyle" or "agenda" to young children and introduces potentially complex discussions about sexual orientation at too early an age.
(19) A Bike Like Sergio's
Synopsis:
Ruben feels the sting of being the only child without a bike. Though his birthday is near, his friend Sergio's gifts are a world apart from his own family's means, often leaving items crossed off the grocery list. So, when Ruben finds a dropped hundred-dollar bill—more than enough for the bike he longs for—a dilemma arises. What about the missing groceries? And the woman who lost it? This subtly told, heartfelt story from the creators of Those Shoes explores Ruben's ethical quandary.
Reasons Cited for Ban:
Surprisingly, the primary reason cited for banning the book is the fear that it promotes misinformation about the origin of babies. Adding another layer, the Brooklyn Public Library mentions a ban in Illinois due to a reference to same-sex parents, a reason that stands in contrast to the more prevalent explanation. This inconsistency suggests that the book may have been targeted for different reasons in different banning incidents.
(20) Separate is Never Equal
Synopsis:
Upon moving to Westminster, California, young Sylvia Mendez looked forward to attending her local school. However, she and her brothers were denied enrollment and directed to the "Mexican school." Sylvia, an American citizen fluent in English, couldn't grasp why children of Mexican heritage were forced into separate schools. Unsatisfied with the school board's response, the Mendez family took action, launching a lawsuit. Their efforts culminated in the desegregation of California's schools in 1947. Through his signature illustrations and meticulous research, including interviews with Sylvia Mendez, court files, and news accounts, an acclaimed author and illustrator brings to life the inspiring story of the Mendez family's courageous pursuit of justice and equality.
Reasons Cited for Ban:
Objections to the book from some individuals and groups center on the belief that discussing the history of segregation and racism could make white children uncomfortable, particularly through exposure to the direct quotes of segregationists. More broadly, its themes of racial discrimination and the fight for equal rights align with reasons cited for banning other educational materials addressing racial diversity and social justice, which some groups oppose.
(21) When Aidan Became a Brother
Synopsis:
Aidan's early life began with the assumption that he was a girl. He was given a feminine name, his room was decorated for a girl, and he wore frilly clothes. His journey of self-discovery led him to understand he was a trans boy, and with his parents' support, he aligned his life with his true gender. The announcement of a new sibling filled Aidan with a desire to create the perfect beginning for them—from selecting the right name to designing a beautiful nursery and choosing adorable clothes. The story explores Aidan's understanding of "making things right" and his anxieties about potential mistakes. Ultimately, with guidance, he learns the power of honesty and communication in resolving errors and realizes that his deep capacity for love is the most essential aspect of being a big brother.
Reasons Cited for Ban:
Accusations of "sexual and social explicitness" is directed at books, like this one, featuring LGBTQ+ characters or themes. Challengers sometimes equate the presence of a transgender character with sexual content, even when the book is a gentle story about family and acceptance. Furthermore, some groups object to the book's normalization and affirmation of a transgender child's identity, viewing it as conflicting with their beliefs about sexuality and gender. Others argue that the topic of transgender identity is too complex for young children, despite the book's simple and accessible presentation.
(22) The Giving Tree
Synopsis:
"Once there was a tree...and she loved a little boy."
Thus begins Shel Silverstein's unforgettable and beautifully rendered story. This poignant parable for all ages offers a touching perspective on the act of giving and a quiet acceptance of another's ability to love in their own way. Each day, the boy would visit the tree, enjoying her apples, swinging from her branches, or sliding down her trunk—and the tree was happy. But as the boy matured, his desires grew, and the tree continued to give and give and give. This is a tender narrative, tinged with sadness, yet ultimately filled with a sense of solace.
Reasons Cited for Ban:
One interpretation of the book portrays the boy as a selfish male who constantly takes from a giving, female tree without giving back. Some critics argue this depicts an unhealthy, exploitative relationship where the tree is depleted by the boy's constant demands and lack of gratitude. Conversely, others see the story as an allegory for environmental exploitation, with the boy representing humanity's selfish consumption of nature. The ending, where the reduced tree still offers itself to the now-old boy, is viewed by some as inherently sad or promoting unhealthy self-sacrifice.
(23) The Lorax
Synopsis:
Through whimsical rhymes and vibrant illustrations, this beloved book explores the importance of sustainability and protecting our environment. "I am the Lorax. I speak for the trees." Experience the wonder of the Truffula Trees and the crucial lesson of cherishing our planet. Dr. Seuss's enduring message reminds us that even one small voice and one small action can cultivate a hopeful future.
Reasons Cited for Ban:
The Lorax faced bans primarily due to its portrayal of the Once-ler's environmentally destructive pursuit of profit through deforestation, which some saw as a negative depiction of industry. Critics and parents have also argued the book promotes anti-business sentiments by highlighting the negative impacts of unchecked industrialization. This led to complaints about "anti-business values," and a reported ban by those who worried about "brainwashing children" against capitalism.
(24) Something Happened in Our Town
Synopsis:
The book addresses difficult questions by following two families, one white and one black, as they navigate the aftermath of a police shooting of a black man in their community. It seeks to provide children with answers about traumatic events like this and empower them to recognize and challenge racial injustice in their own lives. The book also includes a comprehensive note for parents and caregivers, offering guidance on discussing race and racism with children, providing age-appropriate definitions, and suggesting conversation starters.
Reasons Cited for Ban:
Critics of the book argue that its language has the potential to be divisive and create racial tension. A key concern, particularly among law enforcement organizations and parents of officers, is the perception that the book conveys a strong anti-police sentiment, which they worry could erode children's trust in law enforcement. Additionally, some parents and community members have raised questions about whether the sensitive topic of a police shooting involving race is developmentally appropriate for young children.
(25) Worm Loves Worm
Synopsis:
Get ready for a wedding like no other! You're invited to celebrate the happy union of...two worms in love! When one worm finds their special someone, another worm, you know what comes next: wedding bells! But their curious friends have one big question: who will wear the dress, and who will wear the tux? The delightful answer? It doesn't matter at all. Because for these two, worm loves worm.
Reasons Cited for Ban:
The book portrays two worms who develop a loving relationship and choose to get married. This depiction has led to objections from some parents and community members who perceive it as promoting or normalizing same-sex relationships for young audiences. Concerns have also been raised, consistent with discussions around other LGBTQ+-themed books, regarding the age appropriateness of introducing the topic of same-sex marriage to young children, with some suggesting it's a subject best addressed later in development or within the family unit. For certain individuals and groups, this portrayal of marriage is at odds with their religious or moral convictions.
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